Understanding Stuttering: A Guide for Parents
Stuttering is a speech disorder that affects the flow of speech. It’s a common issue among young children as they develop language skills, but for some, it persists beyond early childhood. Stuttering can be a cause for social anxiety and stress for many children. The following information is intended to counsel parents on how to respond to their child who stutters, and when to seek professional help.
What Causes Stuttering?
The exact cause of stuttering isn’t fully understood, but research suggests it’s likely a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Stuttering tends to run in families, indicating a hereditary component. Additionally, some studies have identified differences in brain structure that contribute to stuttering. Environmental factors, such as stress or rapid changes in a child’s life, can also exacerbate stuttering, though they are not typically the primary cause. Stuttering is also frequently diagnosed alongside other neurological disorders, such as ADHD, autism, anxiety disorders, speech and language disorders.
Signs of Stuttering in Children
Examples of stuttering include the following:
- Repetition of sounds or syllables (“b-b-b-ball”)
- Prolongation of sounds (“ssssssun”)
- Blocks or pauses where no sound is produced
- Physical tension, frustration, and anxiety when speaking may also be present.
It’s important to note that some young children may experience temporary stuttering as they develop language skills, which is a normal part of language growth. However, persistent stuttering, especially past the age of 5, warrants closer attention.
How Parents Can Help
As a parent, there are several ways to support your child:
- Stay calm and patient: If your child stutters, avoid finishing their sentences or showing frustration. Give them time to speak without interruption.
- Model good communication: Speak slowly and clearly, giving your child a good example of how to articulate words.
- Create a supportive environment: Praise your child’s efforts to speak rather than focusing on how well they speak. This builds their confidence and reduces anxiety around stuttering.
When to Seek Professional Help for Stuttering
While many children grow out of stuttering, a professional evaluation may be advisable if there is a family history of stuttering, if your child is having trouble communicating their intended message, or if physical tension is present when speaking (eye blinking, head bobbing, strained face or neck muscles). A speech-language pathologist (SLP) can assess your child’s speech and provide treatment recommendations.
References:
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association – Fluency Disorders
